Anomaly Groups: Region

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Gross rate is the number of cases per 10,000 registered births (livebirths and stillbirths). Cases ending in live or stillbirth, termination or spontaneous fetal loss are all included in the numerator.

Livebirth prevalance rate is the total number of live born cases per 10,000 livebirths.

Cases with more than one anomaly within a group are counted only once. Numbers and rates reflect cases and not total numbers of anomalies.

Region	2002	Rate	2003	Rate	2004	Rate	2005	Rate	2006	Rate	Region Total 2002-6	Region Gross Rate 2002-6	Livebirth Total 2002-6	Livebirth Prevalence Rate 2002-6
All cases	1145	309.5	1253	322.6	1281	324.4	1336	336.2	1395	335.1	6410	325.9	4928	251.7
A: Neurological	111	30.0	106	27.3	125	31.7	130	32.7	127	30.5	599	30.5	244	12.5
All neural tube defects	45	12.2	52	13.4	55	13.9	53	13.3	52	12.5	257	13.1	30	1.5
anencephalus	20	5.4	22	5.7	23	5.8	22	5.5	23	5.5	110	5.6	4	0.2
spina bifida	20	5.4	28	7.2	25	6.3	25	6.3	22	5.3	120	6.1	19	1.0
encephalocele	8	2.2	3	0.8	8	2.0	7	1.8	7	1.7	33	1.7	8	0.4
Congenital hydrocephalus	30	8.1	25	6.4	26	6.6	23	5.8	29	7.0	133	6.8	57	2.9
Muscular dystrophy			2	0.5					1	0.2	3	0.2	1	0.1
Duchenne MD			1	0.3							1	0.1	1	0.1
B: Eye Ear Face Neck	62	16.8	65	16.7	71	18.0	62	15.6	77	18.5	337	17.1	239	12.2
All eye	24	6.5	33	8.5	30	7.6	30	7.5	31	7.4	148	7.5	118	6.0
anopthalmos / micropthalmos	2	0.5	9	2.3	1	0.3	6	1.5	6	1.4	24	1.2	16	0.8
congenital cataract	7	1.9	4	1.0	4	1.0	6	1.5	5	1.2	26	1.3	26	1.3
anomalies surrounding structures	1	0.3	7	1.8	7	1.8	4	1.0	3	0.7	22	1.1	22	1.1
All ear	7	1.9	12	3.1	6	1.5	10	2.5	11	2.6	46	2.3	38	1.9
external ear anomalies	1	0.3	5	1.3	1	0.3	1	0.3	5	1.2	13	0.7	9	0.5
sensorineural hearing loss			2	0.5	2	0.5	3	0.8	1	0.2	8	0.4	8	0.4
C: Circulatory	242	65.4	224	57.7	227	57.5	272	68.4	244	58.6	1209	61.5	1009	51.5
Disordered circulation	16	4.3	6	1.5	8	2.0	7	1.8	7	1.7	44	2.2	44	2.2
All septal defects	153	41.4	132	34.0	151	38.2	162	40.8	140	33.6	738	37.5	652	33.3
ASD (all types)	69	18.6	28	7.2	54	13.7	39	9.8	29	7.0	219	11.1	203	10.4
VSD	102	27.6	101	26.0	92	23.3	119	29.9	117	28.1	531	27.0	481	24.6
AVSD	13	3.5	14	3.6	25	6.3	17	4.3	14	3.4	83	4.2	59	3.0
All complex cyanotic CHD	18	4.9	19	4.9	21	5.3	18	4.5	23	5.5	99	5.0	75	3.8
transposition great vessels	8	2.2	15	3.9	15	3.8	9	2.3	13	3.1	60	3.1	46	2.3
tetralogy of Fallot	10	2.7	4	1.0	6	1.5	9	2.3	10	2.4	39	2.0	29	1.5
All heart valve anomalies	37	10.0	35	9.0	40	10.1	51	12.8	53	12.7	216	11.0	196	10.0
pulmonary valve anomalies	13	3.5	12	3.1	17	4.3	22	5.5	26	6.2	90	4.6	85	4.3
tricuspid valve anomalies	5	1.4	6	1.5	11	2.8	10	2.5	13	3.1	45	2.3	38	1.9
mitral valve anomalies	2	0.5	3	0.8	5	1.3	8	2.0	2	0.5	20	1.0	18	0.9
aortic valve anomalies	15	4.1	14	3.6	7	1.8	19	4.8	15	3.6	70	3.6	62	3.2
All vessel anomalies	75	20.3	54	13.9	55	13.9	81	20.4	77	18.5	342	17.4	283	14.5
pulmonary artery anomalies	32	8.6	18	4.6	28	7.1	31	7.8	25	6.0	134	6.8	111	5.7
aorta anomalies	35	9.5	27	7.0	22	5.6	39	9.8	41	9.8	164	8.3	132	6.7
All chamber anomalies	41	11.1	47	12.1	42	10.6	52	13.1	57	13.7	239	12.2	158	8.1
hypoplastic left heart	18	4.9	12	3.1	13	3.3	8	2.0	18	4.3	69	3.5	31	1.6
hypoplastic right heart	1	0.3					1	0.3			2	0.1	2	0.1
Conduction anomalies	6	1.6	9	2.3	7	1.8	10	2.5	8	1.9	40	2.0	40	2.0
D: Respiratory	42	11.4	42	10.8	52	13.2	52	13.1	47	11.3	235	11.9	121	6.2
All airways	25	6.8	29	7.5	37	9.4	35	8.8	26	6.2	152	7.7	82	4.2
All lung	18	4.9	16	4.1	19	4.8	27	6.8	23	5.5	103	5.2	40	2.0
cystic anomalies	2	0.5	5	1.3	5	1.3	6	1.5	8	1.9	26	1.3	21	1.1
agenesis	6	1.6	4	1.0	1	0.3	14	3.5	2	0.5	27	1.4	2	0.1
hypoplasia	6	1.6	5	1.3	9	2.3	6	1.5	7	1.7	33	1.7	9	0.5
E: Digestive	154	41.6	153	39.4	168	42.5	139	35.0	157	37.7	771	39.2	613	31.3
All clefting	72	19.5	68	17.5	75	19.0	60	15.1	58	13.9	333	16.9	274	14.0
lips	17	4.6	15	3.9	16	4.1	14	3.5	15	3.6	77	3.9	69	3.5
alveolar			2	0.5	4	1.0	3	0.8			9	0.5	8	0.4
isolated cleft palate	32	8.6	22	5.7	29	7.3	22	5.5	27	6.5	132	6.7	108	5.5
cleft palate with cleft lip	24	6.5	30	7.7	29	7.3	24	6.0	16	3.8	123	6.3	96	4.9
All oesophagus / stomach	14	3.8	12	3.1	15	3.8	14	3.5	18	4.3	73	3.7	59	3.0
tracheo-oesophageal atresia, fistula, stenosis	12	3.2	10	2.6	14	3.5	11	2.8	16	3.8	63	3.2	53	2.7
All intestines	63	17.0	52	13.4	45	11.4	48	12.1	54	13.0	262	13.3	200	10.2
duodenal atresia	4	1.1	5	1.3	5	1.3	6	1.5	9	2.2	29	1.5	23	1.2
other small bowel atresias	7	1.9	3	0.8	3	0.8	5	1.3	4	1.0	22	1.1	21	1.1
large bowel atresias	25	6.8	16	4.1	18	4.6	8	2.0	14	3.4	81	4.1	55	2.8
Hirschsprung's disease	9	2.4	6	1.5	1	0.3	6	1.5	7	1.7	29	1.5	29	1.5
All digestive organs	10	2.7	13	3.3	14	3.5	13	3.3	19	4.6	69	3.5	43	2.2
bilary atresia	2	0.5			4	1.0	1	0.3	1	0.2	8	0.4	8	0.4
F: Urinary	125	33.8	112	28.8	151	38.2	154	38.8	176	42.3	718	36.5	587	30.0
All kidney	71	19.2	64	16.5	93	23.6	83	20.9	102	24.5	413	21.0	301	15.4
agenesis	15	4.1	13	3.3	14	3.5	24	6.0	16	3.8	82	4.2	41	2.1
hypoplasia	4	1.1	2	0.5	11	2.8	5	1.3	6	1.4	28	1.4	17	0.9
cystic	24	6.5	24	6.2	27	6.8	29	7.3	41	9.8	145	7.4	114	5.8
other specific kidney	24	6.5	18	4.6	28	7.1	15	3.8	32	7.7	117	5.9	90	4.6
All renal pelvis / ureters	51	13.8	53	13.6	66	16.7	74	18.6	87	20.9	331	16.8	296	15.1
pelviureteric obstruction	40	10.8	37	9.5	45	11.4	51	12.8	65	15.6	238	12.1	228	11.6
hydronephrosis, 10mm or over	15	4.1	13	3.3	19	4.8	31	7.8	32	7.7	110	5.6	109	5.6
All bladder / urethra	23	6.2	13	3.3	25	6.3	17	4.3	31	7.4	109	5.5	66	3.4
epispadias	2	0.5			2	0.5	1	0.3	1	0.2	6	0.3	6	0.3
G: Genital	128	34.6	154	39.7	148	37.5	166	41.8	183	44.0	779	39.6	729	37.2
Female	14	3.8	14	3.6	21	5.3	12	3.0	14	3.4	75	3.8	48	2.5
Male	107	28.9	138	35.5	125	31.7	152	38.2	169	40.6	691	35.1	673	34.4
hypospadias	72	19.5	83	21.4	85	21.5	121	30.4	127	30.5	488	24.8	482	24.6
Intersex	8	2.2	2	0.5	3	0.8	3	0.8			16	0.8	8	0.4
H: Endocrine, metabolic	30	8.1	28	7.2	38	9.6	42	10.6	26	6.2	164	8.3	127	6.5
All thyroid	2	0.5	2	0.5	6	1.5	6	1.5	4	1.0	20	1.0	19	1.0
hypothyroidism	2	0.5	2	0.5	6	1.5	6	1.5	4	1.0	20	1.0	19	1.0
Phenylketonuria
Cystic fibrosis	6	1.6	7	1.8	6	1.5	8	2.0	8	1.9	35	1.8	33	1.7
Adrenal	9	2.4	5	1.3	8	2.0	5	1.3	6	1.4	33	1.7	13	0.7
J: Blood, immune, lymphatic	14	3.8	8	2.1	11	2.8	21	5.3	15	3.6	69	3.5	66	3.4
Thalassaemia	1	0.3	1	0.3	1	0.3	4	1.0	1	0.2	8	0.4	8	0.4
Sickle cell	3	0.8			1	0.3	2	0.5	3	0.7	9	0.5	9	0.5
Immunodeficiency	1	0.3									1	0.1	1	0.1
K: Skin	38	10.3	55	14.2	42	10.6	33	8.3	35	8.4	203	10.3	87	4.4
Cystic hygroma	17	4.6	40	10.3	24	6.1	16	4.0	22	5.3	119	6.1	10	0.5
L: Limbs	242	65.4	233	60.0	299	75.7	277	69.7	302	72.6	1353	68.8	1118	57.1
All upper limb	95	25.7	81	20.9	116	29.4	91	22.9	84	20.2	467	23.7	334	17.1
polydactyly	28	7.6	28	7.2	34	8.6	37	9.3	28	6.7	155	7.9	143	7.3
syndactyly	17	4.6	5	1.3	11	2.8	7	1.8	11	2.6	51	2.6	40	2.0
reduction defects	38	10.3	30	7.7	38	9.6	32	8.1	35	8.4	173	8.8	101	5.2
All lower limb	175	47.3	164	42.2	199	50.4	184	46.3	223	53.6	945	48.0	773	39.5
polydactyly	15	4.1	10	2.6	16	4.1	6	1.5	14	3.4	61	3.1	52	2.7
syndactyly	25	6.8	20	5.1	19	4.8	22	5.5	24	5.8	110	5.6	105	5.4
reduction defects	28	7.6	20	5.1	35	8.9	19	4.8	13	3.1	115	5.8	53	2.7
dysplastic hip	34	9.2	41	10.6	32	8.1	50	12.6	40	9.6	197	10.0	196	10.0
non-postural talipes	50	13.5	41	10.6	51	12.9	41	10.3	58	13.9	241	12.3	140	7.2
Non limb-specific	25	6.8	18	4.6	27	6.8	32	8.1	31	7.4	133	6.8	112	5.7
M: Musculoskeletal	117	31.6	133	34.2	162	41.0	133	33.5	143	34.4	688	35.0	388	19.8
All abdominal wall defects	30	8.1	36	9.3	49	12.4	32	8.1	34	8.2	181	9.2	92	4.7
gastroschisis	10	2.7	10	2.6	25	6.3	13	3.3	11	2.6	69	3.5	59	3.0
exomphalos	16	4.3	23	5.9	20	5.1	14	3.5	21	5.0	94	4.8	29	1.5
All diaphragm	16	4.3	10	2.6	11	2.8	21	5.3	20	4.8	78	4.0	49	2.5
hernia / agenesis	16	4.3	8	2.1	11	2.8	19	4.8	20	4.8	74	3.8	46	2.3
All short stature	6	1.6	7	1.8	7	1.8	5	1.3	5	1.2	30	1.5	22	1.1
achondroplasia	3	0.8	2	0.5	2	0.5	2	0.5	3	0.7	12	0.6	11	0.6
All other specific musculoskeletal	75	20.3	91	23.4	110	27.9	84	21.1	90	21.6	450	22.9	237	12.1
skull, face & neck	34	9.2	43	11.1	62	15.7	44	11.1	44	10.6	227	11.5	123	6.3
thorax & trunk	11	3.0	23	5.9	13	3.3	15	3.8	25	6.0	87	4.4	29	1.5
spine & pelvis	25	6.8	30	7.7	27	6.8	20	5.0	18	4.3	120	6.1	53	2.7
N: Neoplastic	1	0.3	5	1.3	5	1.3	4	1.0	5	1.2	20	1.0	18	0.9
O: Genetic / multi-site disorders	234	63.2	281	72.4	215	54.5	239	60.1	265	63.7	1234	62.7	520	26.6
All chromosomal	216	58.4	266	68.5	204	51.7	224	56.4	249	59.8	1159	58.9	455	23.2
trisomy 21 - Down's syndrome	93	25.1	97	25.0	90	22.8	113	28.4	119	28.6	512	26.0	209	10.7
trisomy 18 - Edwards' syndrome	37	10.0	29	7.5	26	6.6	29	7.3	40	9.6	161	8.2	18	0.9
trisomy 13 - Patau's syndrome	14	3.8	8	2.1	10	2.5	9	2.3	13	3.1	54	2.7	11	0.6
triploidy / polyploidy	6	1.6	19	4.9	11	2.8	7	1.8	7	1.7	50	2.5	3	0.2
Turner's syndrome	12	3.2	25	6.4	9	2.3	12	3.0	13	3.1	71	3.6	20	1.0
Klinefelter's syndrome	3	0.8	2	0.5	1	0.3	6	1.5	8	1.9	20	1.0	9	0.5
other anomalies sex chromosomes	5	1.4	6	1.5	5	1.3	2	0.5	9	2.2	27	1.4	21	1.1
deletions	17	4.6	25	6.4	17	4.3	21	5.3	14	3.4	94	4.8	71	3.6
other chromosome anomalies	29	7.8	55	14.2	37	9.4	26	6.5	31	7.4	178	9.1	94	4.8
Other genetic disorder	17	4.6	15	3.9	13	3.3	18	4.5	16	3.8	79	4.0	71	3.6
P: Pregnancy related	16	4.3	17	4.4	16	4.1	23	5.8	25	6.0	97	4.9	70	3.6
R: Infectious	12	3.2	13	3.3	15	3.8	8	2.0	11	2.6	59	3.0	29	1.5
viral	8	2.2	4	1.0	3	0.8			2	0.5	17	0.9	10	0.5
bacterial					1	0.3	1	0.3	1	0.2	3	0.2	3	0.2
fungal
S: Suggestion of underlying anomaly	27	7.3	44	11.3	32	8.1	37	9.3	14	3.4	154	7.8	59	3.0
hydrops	11	3.0	32	8.2	24	6.1	25	6.3	7	1.7	99	5.0	11	0.6

Additional anomalies collected by SWCAR For our own purposes SWCAR have decided to continue collection of the following anomalies on the EUROCAT exclusion list; they are not included in the overall data numbers/rates above.
pyloric stenosis	44	11.9	39	10.0	24	6.1	35	8.8	38	9.1	180	9.2	180	9.2
inguinal hernia	72	19.5	78	20.1	85	21.5	79	19.9	72	17.3	386	19.6	386	19.7
balanced translocation	3	0.8	5	1.3	7	1.8	1	0.3	1	0.2	17	0.9	16	0.8
café au lait spot					1	0.3	1	0.3	1	0.2	3	0.2	3	0.2
other branchial cleft malformations			1	0.3							1	0.1
hydronephrosis >=5mm <10mm	27	7.3	52	13.4	56	14.2	48	12.1	71	17.1	254	12.9	239	12.2
vesicoureteric reflux	9	2.4	7	1.8	10	2.5	9	2.3	16	3.8	51	2.6	51	2.6
congenital subluxation of hip	2	0.5	7	1.8	7	1.8	1	0.3	21	5.0	38	1.9	38	1.9